Facts For Kids

Tag: Europe

  • Netherlands Facts for Kids | Second Largest Exporter of Foods

    Netherlands Facts for Kids | Second Largest Exporter of Foods

    The Netherlands is a small yet thickly populated country of Western Europe. In the Caribbean Sea, there are three islands that also form part of this country i.e. islands of Saba, Sint Eustatius and Bonaire. The literal meaning of the word ‘Netherlands’ is ‘lower countries’. It is because of the lowland features of this country. Majority of the regions located below sea level are man-made. It shares borders with Germany and Belgium. The three most important cities of Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague. Amsterdam is the largest city of this country. The Netherlands is one of the top ten exporters of the world. It has one of the world’s densest road networks even more dense than France and Germany. Though the word Holland (which means ‘wood land’) is used for the entire country, but in reality it only refers to the North and South of Holland, its two provinces. Let’s dive down deep into Netherlands Facts for kids to explore more about it!

    A Quick Guide to Netherlands Facts for Kids

    Meaning: Lower countries

    Population: 16.8 million

    Capital City: Amsterdam

    Official Language: Dutch

    Largest Religion: Christianity

    Major Industry: Foodstuff

    Fascinating Netherlands Facts for Kids | History

    • The earliest evidence of human settlement in the Netherlands is found close to Maastricht and it dates back to 250,000 years before.
    • Pesse canoe is believed to be the oldest boat in the world. It was excavated in 1955 from Friesland and Drenthe and it refers to the Mesolithic period. It is 298 cm in length and 44 cm in width.
    • Mesolithic tribes began settling Friesland and Drenthe areas of this country in about 8000 BC.
    • The hunter-gatherers came here in around 5600 BC.
    • Farming was started in around 4800 to 4500 BC.
    • The Germanic tribes migrated to this country until 250 BC.
    • During 10th and 11th centuries, most of the areas of the Netherlands were governed by Holy Roman Empire.
    • The original language of the people living in the County of Holland was Frisian.
    • During 15th century, the major port of Europe was in Amsterdam for trading grain from Baltic region. Amsterdam became the center for the distribution of grain to Northern France, England and Belgium.
    • Under Habsburg rule, all the fiefs consisting parts of the Netherlands were merged to form seventeen provinces. These provinces consisted of some regions of Germany, France, Belgium and Luxembourg.
    • During much of 17th century, the Dutch Empire became the major economic power. This period is often referred to as Dutch Golden Age. The empire had 16,000 merchant vessels by the mid century.

    Geography

    • It is a low and flat territory.
    • It has a population of 16.8 million.
    • Almost 26 percent of the area of this country is situated below sea level.
    • Almost 21 percent of the country’s population lives below sea level.
    • The maximum height of the foothills in this country is 321 metres only.
    • Almost 17 percent of the land area of the Netherlands was reclaimed from the sea water and lagoons.
    • The Rhine river divides the country into North and South.
    • It has a moderate maritime climate which means summer days are cool and winters are kind.
    • In June, there is 17-hour daylight while it reduces to 8 hours during December.
    • With an area of 370 sq. km, the Eastern Scheldt is by far the largest national park in the Netherlands. It was established in 2002 and in Dutch, it is known as Oosterschelde.

    Interesting Facts about Netherlands

    • Informally, the Netherlands is also known as Holland.
    • Only about 50 percent of the land of this country is just one metre above sea level.
    • From 1962 and 2004, the port of Rotterdam was the largest port of the world. Today it is the largest in Europe.
    • It has one of the Europe’s oldest standing armies. The Maurice of Oranger was the first one to build it.
    • In 2014, it stood at the first position among 20 countries in Global Enabling Trade Report.
    • It is ranked first in the world in terms of child well-being (UNICEF).
    • After USA, it is the second largest exporter of food and farming products around the world.
    • It ranks third among the world countries that have elected parliament.
    • By attracting 4.2 million tourists worldwide, Amsterdam is ranked 5th among the busiest tourist destinations of Europe.
    • It is one of the top five investors in USA.
    • It is ranked 5th among the most competitive economies of the world (Global Competitiveness Report).
    • Due to its high quality lifestyle, it was ranked seventh among the happiest countries of the world (UN World Happiness Report – 2013).
    • In 2010, it was ranked 10th among the most democratic countries of the world (The Economist).
    • It ranks tenth among the most populous countries of Europe and 63rd in the world.
    • In 2013, the Netherlands was ranked 13th in the world in terms of highest per capita income (International Monetary Fund).
    • It is ranked 13th in the world among countries that have most free market economies
    • According to Index of Economic Freedom 2016, the Netherlands is ranked 17th in the world.
    • It is ranked 17th among the largest economies of the world.
    • The Amsterdam Stock Exchange (AEX) is the oldest stock exchange in the world.
    • As for economy, the fastest growing region of this country is BrabantStad.
    • The Netherlands has no resources for mining activities and its last mine was shut down in 1974.
    • The Groningen gas field is one of the world’s largest gas fields of natural gas.
    • On one occasion, the Netherlands contributed 25 percent to the export of tomatoes in the world.
    • Almost one-third of the cucumbers, tomatoes and chilis are traded through the Netherlands.
    • About one-fifteenth of the apples exported in the world are supplied by this country.
    • Along with Denmark, the Netherlands is the most bike-friendly country of Europe (European Cyclists’ Federation – 2013). There are 18 million bicycles in this country.
    • In 2013, the Rotterdam port was the eighth largest container port in the world.
    • As for passengers, the Schiphol airport is ranked fifth among the busiest airports in Europe.
    • With an average height of 1.81 metres for males and 1.67 metres for females, the Dutch are by far the tallest in the world.
  • Czech Republic Facts for Kids | Popular Beer-making Country

    Czech Republic Facts for Kids | Popular Beer-making Country

    It is a landlocked country of Central Europe. It shares borders with Slovakia, Germany, Poland and Austria. The three historical regions of Czech Republic are known as Czech Lands and include Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia. The name of this country comes from the Slavic tribe of Czechs known as Čechové. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia was divided into Czech Republic and Slovakia. This split is called Velvet Divorce. Most of the area of Czech Republic is a mountainous terrain. Prague is the largest city of this country. Prague is also ranked fifth among the Europe’s most toured cities. Let’s find out more in Czech Republic facts for kids!

    Date of Independence: 1 January, 1993

    Capital City: Prague

    Official Currency: Czech Crown or koruna (Kč)

    Highest point (Śnieżka mountain): 1,602 metres (5,256 feet)

    Popular Sports: Ice hockey, tennis and Football

     

    Fascinating Czech Republic Facts for Kids | Czech Republic History

    • The evidence of earliest human settlement on this region dates back to Paleolithic or Age period. It was prehistoric time period when humans used tools that were made up of stones.
    • Archeologists have found ancient female figure in Moravia known as Venus of Dolní Věstonice. This figure dates back to 29,000 to 25,000 BCE and 549 metres (1,801 feet) high. It is arguably the world’s oldest article made up of ceramic.
    • From 3rd century to 1st century BC, the tribes of Boii, Marcomanni and Quadi came to this region. The Marcomanni and Quadi are Germanic tribes.
    • The area which is now called Czech Republic is also known by its traditional name Bohemia. Historically, Bohemia was part of the Holy Roman Empire. During different time periods of 20th century (1918 – 1939) and (1945 – 1992), Bohemia came under Czechoslovakia. After the dissolution in 1993, it became part of Czech Republic. Today, it has a population of 6 million people. The first ruler of Bohemia was Maroboduus.
    • In the 9th century, Duchy of Bohemia gained independence from Great Moravian Empire, the slavic-speaking people. Great Moravia was a prominent state of this region and included areas of Czech Republic and Slovakia. It became part of Roman Empire in 1004. After another 200 years, it was declared Kingdom of Bohemia. From 14th to 17th centuries, Prague served as the imperial seat of Roman Empire. After the fall of this empire in 1806, the Kingdom of Bohemia came under Austrian Empire.
    • In October 1918, Czechoslovakia gained freedom from Austro-Hungarian Empire and became an independent country. However in 1993, it was divided into Czech Republic and Slovakia.
    • From 9th century till the beginning of 14th century, Bohemia and Moravia were ruled by Přemyslids Dynasty.
    • Since 14th century, this state was called by the name of ‘the lands of the Bohemian crown’.

    Czech Republic Geography for Kids

    • It has a population of 10.5 million.
    • The ethnic tribes living in this country are Poles, Slovaks, Moravians and Czechs. Almost two-thirds (64 percent) of the population of Czech Republic consists of Czechs.
    • About 34 percent of the Czech people are Christians (2012).
    • It has an area of 78,866 square kilometers.
    • It has a temperate continental climate. Average temperature of this climate reaches 10 °C (50 °F) in the hottest days and −3 °C in coldest days.
    • Louny District is the driest place of this country and the wettest region is Bílý Potok.
    • The official language of this country is Czech. Bohemian was its previous name and it contains a lot of German and Latin words. It is similar to the Slovak language.

    Interesting Facts about Czech Culture

    • In terms of per capita consumption of beer, Czech Republic is ranked top of the world where highest percentage of people consume beer. The most popular beer in this state is pale lager, which is pale yellow to golden color.
    • Plzeň, located to the west of Bohemia in Czech Republic, is the home of Pilsner beer. Pilsner beer was produced here for the first time in 1842 by Josef Groll. It was the first such drink every produced with pale to golden color and named as Pilsner Urquell. Almost two-thirds of the beer produced around the world consists of Pils (Pilsner Urquell).
    • It is one of the top ten countries in the world that has fastest speed of internet.
    • It stands at the fifth position among the world’s most environmental-conscious states (Environmental Performance Index).
    • It is ranked at the 10th position among the most peaceful states of the world (Global Peace Index).
    • It stood at the 13th position in the world that have free press (Reporters Without Borders, 2014).
    • It is ranked 14th among the largest cities of European Union.
    • In terms of best education systems in the world, Czech Republic is ranked at the 15th position.
    • As for economic freedom, the country is ranked 24th in the world (Index of Economic Freedom, 2015).
    • Established in 1850 by the name of Schustala & Company, Tatra car manufacturing company of Czech Republic is ranked third among the oldest car making companies in the world.
    • During the early years of 20th century, Chicago ranked third among the cities that have highest percentage of Czechs. The first two are Prague and Vienna.
    • In terms of percentage, Czech Republic ranks third in the world where a large number of people do not believe in God. The first two countries with highest number of atheists are China and Japan.
    • The oldest churches of this country were built on the style of Romanesque architecture in medieval Europe.

    Did you know facts about Czech Republic

    • Czech Republic is home to 3 national parks and 46 airports.
    • Nuclear power accounts for nearly 30 percent of the energy needs of this country.
    • Built in 1895, the car manufacturing company Škoda Auto of the Czech Republic is among one of the biggest companies in Central Europe.
    • The principal airport of this country is Václav Havel Airport Prague which is ranked as the fifth busiest airport in Europe.
    • The railway networks of this country are one of the densest in Europe.
    • At the end of 2015, the economic growth rate of this country was 4.5 percent, which is the highest in Europe.
    • In March 1978, the first and only Czech to go into space was Vladimír Remek.
    • Jan Evangelista Purkyně was a Czech scientist. He coined the word ‘protoplasm’ in 1839. Protoplasm is a content of a cell covered by plasma membrane.
    • A Czech psychiatrist Jan Janský was the first person to classify blood into four types.
    • Contact lenses were invented by a Czech chemist called Otto Wichterle.
    • Aquapalace Praha is the largest of all the water parks in Central Europe.
    • Out of all the 28-members European Union states, Czech Republic has the lowest rate of unemployment (4.1 percent).
    • Czech Republic is one of the 26 countries of Europe that has removed border restrictions between them. This region is called Schengen Area. Therefore, practically there are no borders between Czech Republic and its neighbors.
  • River Thames Facts – The Longest River in England

    River Thames Facts – The Longest River in England

    River Thames is the longest river in England and the second longest river in the United Kingdom with a length of about 215 miles. It flows through southern England, starting from Gloucestershire Cotswolds to North Sea. It passes through eight English counties and flow alongside some of the major towns and cities such as Oxford, Richmond, Kingston upon Thames, Henley-on-Thames, Reading, Windsor and finally through the center of London before falling into the North Sea. River Thames is a very important river in England, it is favourite spot for peaceful weekend evening, fishing, boating, trail hikers and water sports. We have gathered complete set of River Thames Facts to help you learn all about it.

    River Thames Facts

    How long is the river Thames?

    • The length of River Thames from its source (Gloucestershire Cotswolds) to North Sea is 215 miles (346 km)
    • The non-tidal part of Thames is 147 miles while the tidal part of Thames is 55 miles.

    Facts and Figures

    • There are total 45 locks at River Thames. Locks help in boat navigation where the level of the water is not the same.
    • The floodplain area of the river is about 896 km square.
    • There are 29 bridges over the tidal Thames and 75 bridges over the non-tidal Thames.
    • It flows through 16 main cities and key towns.
    • About 20 tunnels exists that cross the River Thames including the  the world’s first ever underwater tunnel built in 1843.
    • The non-tidal part of Thames is from the source to Teddington. It is about 147 miles (237 km). The river falls for about 342 feet when it travels from the source to Teddington.
    • The part of the river from Teddington to the North Sea is called the tidal part of Thames which is 55 miles in length.
    • About 60 active shipping terminals exists on the tidal part of the Thames.
    • Every year about 300,000 tonnes of sediment is carried by the River Thames from its source to the sea.
    • About 8 meters change occurs in the water level of the river.
    • The tidal part of Thames receives high tides up to 24 feet.
    • The world’s second largest floating barrier, Thames Barrier, is situated at river Thames. It was constructed in 1974 at Woolwich to control floods and storm surges.

    How wide is the river Thames?

    The river widens as it flows downstream from its source to the sea.

    • At Lechlade it is 18 meters
    • 76 meters at Oxford
    • 100 meters at Teddington,
    • 265 meters at London Bridge
    • 448 meters at Woolwich
    • 732 meters at Gravesend
    • about 10 kilometers at Nore Light.
    • At the Estuary(where the river falls into the sea) the river width stretches to 29 kilometers.

    Flow of River Thames:

    The water flow speeds up down the stream (towards the sea) of the river Thames. It is due to the addition of more water from the different tributaries that join the river on its way.

    • The flow speed at Buscot is about 176 million gallons/day.
    • 790 million gallons/day at Reading
    • About 1,253 million gallons/day at Kingston.

    The Name Thames

    • The name Thames has been derived from the word Temese which is a Celtic word for river.
    • The river is known as River Isis at Oxford.

    Where does the river Thames start – Source of River Thames

    • There are two sources: Thames Head and Seven Springs
    • The  first source of the river is called is called the Thames Head which is situated at southern Gloucestershire, in the Cotswolds near a town called Cirencester.
    • The second source is Seven Springs, where river Chum falls into Thames. It is situated near Cheltenham.
    • The water flow is seasonal at the springs of Thames Head while at Seven Springs it flows all year around.
    • River Thames get water from 18 major river catchments.

    Islands in River Thames

    • From Kent to Oxfordshire there are total of more than 190 islands in the River Thames.
    • 45 of these islands have people living in them in small settlements.
    • These islands are called Aits or Eyots.

    Wildlife at River Thames

    • The tidal Thames has more than 100 species of fish while the non-tidal Thames hosts more than 25 species of coarse fish.  Among the Freshwater fish the most prominent are flounder, barbel, bleak, pike, perch, roach, chub, dace and brown trout.
    • The estuary of the Thames is home to aquatic mammals such as the gray and harbour seals where they breed and nurse their young ones.
    • About 350 species of invertebrates that live at the bottom of the river exists at the river Thames.
    • During summer and autumn Bottlenose Dolphins and Harbour porpoises also visits the estuary of the Thames.
    • Otter and water vole are also found in the river.
    • Thames is home to various bird species which include herring gull, cormorant,black-headed gull, great crested grebe, , moorhen, kingfisher, coot, heron, Mallard duck, Mandarin duck, Wood duck, Egyptian geese, bar-headed geese, Canadian geese mute swan and black swan. The mute swan are very common and black swan is rarely seen now.
    • A ceremony of Swan Upping is held every year in which the swans at river Thames are counted and tagged.
    • About 46 different areas has been internationally designated as Special Protection Areas and Areas of Conservation at the Thames River Basin.

    Main Attractions

    • It has a national trail called Thames Path which is about 184 miles (296 km) and follows the river from its source. It is the longest riverside walk in the whole Europe.
    • The river is favourite place for sporting and leisure activities such as fishing, rowing, canoeing and boat trips.
    • The areas of the North Wessex Downs, The Kent Downs and The Cotswolds where the river crosses are well known for their amazing natural beauty.

    River Thames in Literature

      • The river Thames is such an important part of the life of the people of England that it has been featured in the their literature.
      • River Thames has always been a dank, stinking sludge and crime scene in the novels of Charles Dickens.
    • Three Men in a Boat, Alice in Wonderland and The Wind in the Willows all featured river Thames in them.

    Learn more: England Facts For Kids

  • Iceland Facts for Kids | Second Largest Island of Europe

    Iceland Facts for Kids | Second Largest Island of Europe

    Located between the Arctic ocean and the North Atlantic ocean, Iceland is essentially a Nordic island country. Nordic are those countries of North Atlantic and Northern Europe that are geographically and culturally linked to each other. Apart from Iceland, the other two Nordic countries are Finland and Scandinavia. The population of this country is spread out over a large area which makes it the only country of Europe where people are sparsely populated. It has an extremely rich and diverse cultural heritage which began in about 12th century. The wood carving, silversmithing and weaving of Iceland are some of the arts that are practiced here for centuries. The literacy rates of this country are one of the highest in the world. Now let’s explore more in Iceland facts for kids!

    A Quick Guide to Iceland Facts for Kids

    Capital city: Reykjavík

    Official Language: Icelandic

    Traditional cuisine: Þorramatur

    Local delicacy: Puffin

    Traditional Sport: Glíma

    Fascinating Iceland Facts for Kids | Iceland History Facts

    • Before Norsemen came to this island, it was inhabited by Scottish monks. These monks were known as Papar which means ‘Pope’. Norsemen are those people that came from the north.
    • The two historical books of Iceland are Landnáma and Íslendingabók.
    • Íslendingabók means ‘Book of Icelanders’ and it is about the history of Iceland. It was written in about 12th century.
    • Landnáma means ‘Book of Settlements’ and it refers to the period when Norsemen arrived on this island. This was a period between 9th and 10th centuries. This book narrates how Norsemen came to know about this island and began settling there.
    • The first person who came from Scandinavia and lived in Iceland was Garðar Svavarsson. However, he did not settle here for too long and headed off after staying for one winter only. In 870 A.D. he sailed around Iceland and discovered it.
    • Húsavík became the first site of Iceland where a Norseman was settled. Garðar also constructed a house at this place.
    • The first person who settled on this island permanently was Náttfari. He came here along with Garðar but when Garðar went away, he decided to stay with his two slaves. The place where he stayed is now known as Náttfaravík.
    • The first permanent Nordic settlers of this island are Ingólfr Arnarson and his wife. He came here and constructed his homestead. In 874, he established Reykjavík and gave it its name. However, according to Ari Thorgilsson, Papar were already there when Norsemen arrived on this island.
    • Today only one percent of this island is a wooded area. During 10th century, the forest existed on almost 25 percent of Iceland.
    • In the 18th century, various natural disasters and diseases killed most of the people in Iceland. Almost a quarter of the people living on this island were disappeared due to smallpox and famine.

    Iceland Facts and Statistics | Iceland Geography Facts

    • There are three national parks in Iceland.
    • Out of hundreds of volcanoes in Iceland, thirty volcanoes are active.
    • Iceland is composed of 30 small islands.
    • The largest lake of Iceland is Þórisvatn. The reservoir is about 88 square kilometers and gets water from Þjórsá River. The river Þjórsá in turn takes water from Hofsjökull, a glacier.
    • Located at the southwestern part of this island, Þingvallavatn lake is Iceland’s largest natural lake. It is a rift valley lake and has a surface area of 84 square kilometers. This lake is about 114 metres deep. It is named after Þingvellir.
    • With the length of 143 miles (230 kilometers) and situated at southern Iceland, Þjórsá river is the longest river of this island.
    • The deepest glacial lake of Iceland is Jökulsárlón. With a surface area of 18 square kilometers, this lake is about 248 metres (814 feet) deep.

    Interesting Iceland Statistics

    • The consumption rates of Coca-Cola in Iceland are one of the highest in the world.
    • One of the world’s most famous destinations for travelers in Iceland is Þingvellir. In 930, the parliament of Iceland was established in this area and continued until 1798. In 1930 (1000th birthday), it was declared as the Þingvellir National Park.
    • In Iceland, fishing contributes 40 percent to the earnings from exports.
    • About 1,300 species of insects are present on this island.
    • Iceland is home to just one indigenous land mammal i.e. Arctic Fox. It was the only mammal that was present before the arrivals of humans in Iceland. As for indigenous reptiles, Iceland has none.
    5 Facts about Iceland
    1. Icelanders do not use species or herbs in their cuisines. The traditional cuisines of this island rely mainly on meats of lamb, mutton, fish and some dairy products.
    2. The tallest tree of this island is Kirkjubæjarklaustur. This tree is about 25 metres high and it was cultivated in 1949.
    3. About two-thirds (200,000) of the population of Iceland is clustered around the capital city and its suburbs.
    4. The national parliament of Iceland is Alþingi (in English: Althing) which was established in 930. Thus, Iceland became the oldest parliamentary democracy in the world.
    5. Almost 75 percent of Iceland lack vegetation.
  • Athens Facts for Kids | The Glorious City

    Athens Facts for Kids | The Glorious City

    Athens is the capital city of Greece. It comprises the major Attica region (administrative region) of Greece. It is also the country’s largest city but what’s more appealing about it is its history, which spans over 3,400 years and makes it among one of the oldest cities of the world. Athens is famous in the world as a cradle of Western Civilization and it is also the region where democracy is said to have taken place for the very first time in the history of the world. This city is also home to some of the greatest philosophers of the world like Plato and Aristotle.

    It is one of the largest centers for economic activity in southeastern Europe which is why it is called global city. Ermou Street in Athens is the most remarkable shopping street for tourists all around the world. It is nearly one kilometer in length and links Monastiraki to Syntagma Square. It houses one of the world’s most expensive international brands. Now let’s discover more about this historic city in Athens facts for kids!

    Location: Central Greece

    Status: Capital of Greece

    Year of becoming capital: 1834

    Highest Point: 338 metres (1,109 feet)

    Ancient Athens History | Fascinating Athens Facts for Kids

    • The word Athens is possibly not of Greek origin. It may have come from languages that were spoken before the written accounts were kept i.e. ancient Greece.
    • The oldest site of human presence in this city is called Cave of Schist. Humans arrived here in around 11th to 7th centuries BC.
    • This city has been occupied by humans for more than 7,000 years.
    • The Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel of this city and it contains ruins of some of the most important buildings of ancient Greece. Out of these, Parthenon is the principal architecture of classical Greece staying alive even today.
    • Hellenic Parliament was the first architecture for the public that was constructed 1836 to 1843.
    • With a height of 103 metres (338 feet), Athens Tower 1 is by far the country’s tallest building. It is situated in Ampelokipi district and forms part of two towers collectively known as Athens Towers. The height of Athens Tower 2 is 65 metres (213 feet).
    • At the heart of Athens lay remains of a huge temple called Temple of Olympian Zeus. It was started in 6th century BC and completed after about 638 years. During the time of Roman Empire, this temple was popular as the country’s largest temple. What’s more, it also contained among one of the world’s largest cult sculptures at the time.
    • The largest and most important square of the capital city is called Syntagma Square. It’s a Greek word which means ‘Constitution Square’ because King Otto (the first king of modern Greece) granted first constitution here in 1844. At first, the name of this square was ‘Palace Square’.
    • Built in 1843, the Old Royal Palace is the first one to be constructed in Greece. Hellenic Parliament is situated inside it.

    Interesting Facts about Athens

    • Ermou Street in Athens is ranked among the top 5 Europe’s most expensive streets for consumers. It ranks at the world’s 10th position among the most expensive shopping streets.
    • The city contains 148 stages of theater which ranks it at the top of the list of cities having maximum number of such theaters worldwide. The Planetarium theatre is among one of the world’s largest theaters and it is also well-equipped.
    • Located at the northwest of Acropolis, Ancient Agora of Athens is an ancient site that contains the first ever restaurant of Greece. It was excavated by American archaeologists during 1970s.
    • As for passengers, Piraeus port in Athens is the Europe’s largest port. It ranks at the second position among the largest ports of the world.
    • It ranks at the 5th position among the most populated capital cities of European Union.
    • According to purchasing power, Athens is ranked at the 29th position among the richest cities of the world.
    • It ranks at the 67th position among the most expensive cities of the world.
    • Covering an area of 20 hectares, Attica Zoological Park is the largest zoo of this city. It houses 2000 different animals representing 400 species. It is open to the public all year long.
    • Built in 1829, one of the world’s greatest museums is National Archaeological Museum. Located in Exarcheia neighborhood of Athens, it is by far the largest museum of artifacts in Greece. These artifacts date back to prehistoric Greece to late antiquity and are regarded as the richest collection in the world.

    More Facts about Athens

    • Established in 1914, the Byzantine and Christian Museum is one of the world’s most important museums as far as artistic things of Byzantine Empire is concerned. It contains at least 25,000 rare artifacts that include painting, statues, manuscripts and pottery representing an era between 3rd century AD and late medieval era.
    • About 416 buses run on Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in Athens, which makes this city as home to the largest fleet of such buses in Europe.
    • Plato established the Academy in Athens in about ca. 387 BC. Aristotle studied in this academy for about 20 years (until age of 37). According to historians, the Plato’s Academy is widely regarded as the first institute of higher education in the western world.
    • The Numismatic Museum of this city contains one of the world’s greatest collections of coins.
    • Psyrri is a neighborhood in Athens that is widely known for hotels, bars and restaurants. Lord Byron, who is widely regarded as one of the greatest poets of English, stayed here and wrote a poem named ‘Maid of Athens’. A Greek novelist named Papadiamantis also lived here for about 20 years.
  • Cyprus Facts for Kids | Popular Island of Mediterranean

    Cyprus Facts for Kids | Popular Island of Mediterranean

    Cyprus is an island country. It is located off the seashores of Turkey and Syria and at the eastern region of the Mediterranean Sea. Cyprus is one of the three leading countries of European Union that spends most on education as a percentage of GDP i.e. 7% of GDP. The first two countries are Denmark and Sweden. One of the most famous carnival events of the world is Limassol Carnival Festival, which is celebrated every year in Cyprus. This festival is being celebrated on this island for the last one hundred years. On the final day of this 12-day event, nearly 50,000 people join in the celebration. It is held in Limassol which is Cyprus’ most heavily populated city. Cyprus is also famous for desserts like Turkish delight and Churchkhela. Now let’s discover more about this beautiful island of Mediterranean!

    Date of Independence: 16 August, 1960

    Capital city: Nicosia

    First President: Makarios III

    Official languages: Turkish and Greek

    Highest Point: 1,952 metres (6,404 feet)

    Traditional instrument of music: Lute

    History

      • Before humans got there, this island was home to Cyprus dwarf elephant. This elephant was species of today Asian elephant but it was extremely small in size, measuring 1 meter (40 inches) high. It was the only mammal on this island and became extinct in about 11,000 BC.
      • Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus is another animal that became extinct with the arrival of humans. It was the largest animal on this island and became extinct between 9,000 to 11,000 years before. Its length was 121 cm and height 76 cm and there were no natural predators of Cyprus dwarf hippo in Cyprus.
      • The water wells of this island are among one of the world’s oldest and their history traces back as far as 9,000 to 10,500 years before.
      • Archaeologists have also excavated a cat from this island. This cat was about 8 months old and it dates back to 7500 BC.
      • The history of arts on this island can be traced back as far as 10,000 years.
      • The best preserved ancient site on this island is Khirokitia. This site dates back to New Stone Age (Neolithic) which began around 10,200 BC and ended about 4,500 to 2,000 BC. Khirokitia traces its history to 6800 BC and it is also UNESCO’s World Heritage Site.
      • Learn more: Stone Age People
      • The earliest evidence of humans on this island dates back to 10,000 BC. They were hunter-gatherers and they settled at the southern part of this island on a rock shelter called Aetokremnos. It is a Greek word which signifies ‘Cliff of the eagles’.
      • The communities in the form of villages were started in about 8200 BC.
      • The word ‘Cyprus’ was used for the very first time in 15th century BC.
      • As trade with other regions increased over time, this island was given the Latin name ‘aes Cyprium’ which means ‘metal of Cyprus’. With time, this Latin phrase was squeezed to become Cuprum.
      • In 395, the division of Roman Empire occurred resulting in Cyprus being part of East Roman.
      • The constitution of this country was made on the basis of London and Zürich Agreements. These agreements were signed between Cypriot leaders and leaders from United Kingdom, Turkey and Greece.
      • The highest point of Cyprus is Mount Olympus. It is also known as Chionistra. It is located on Troodos Mountains, the largest range of mountains in Cyprus.
      • The largest dam of Cyprus is Kouris Dam. It was opened in 1988 after almost four years of construction. This dam gets water from Kryos, Limnatis and Kouris rivers.
    • Nicosia is the largest city of this island country. Since 10th century, this city has continued to be the capital of this country.

    Interesting Facts about Cyprus

      • Cyprus ranks third among the largest islands of Mediterrranean Sea. The first two are Sardinia and Sicily of Italy.
      • It is also ranked third among the most populated islands of Mediterranean.
      • As for ownership of private vehicles, Cyprus ranks 29th in the world among countries that have highest percentage of ownership of cars.
      • Russian is ranked third among the most widely written languages on this island. The first two are Greek and English.
      • According to area, this country is ranked at the 81st position in the world.
      • According to population, Cyprus ranks 51st position in the world.
      • The busiest harbor of Cyprus is the Port of Limassol which hosted around one million passengers in the year 2000 alone.
      • The cars drive on the left-hand side of the road in just four nations of the European Union. Cyprus is one of them.
      • A Greek philosopher named Zeno of Citium, who founded Stoic school of philosophy, belonged to the southern city of Cyprus called Kition. The Latin name of this city is Citium but today it is known as Larnaca. Built in 13th century BC, it is the third largest city of Cyprus.
      • Another Greek philosopher named Ioannis Kigalas was born in Nicosia at the time of Ottoman Empire. Later on, he traveled to Italy in the 17th century.
    • The most popular and traditional cuisine of Cyprus is Halloumi (Hellim) cheese. This cheese was invented on this island and it is normally used as an appetizer.
  • Belgium Facts for Kids | Home of Chocolates

    Belgium Facts for Kids | Home of Chocolates

    Belgium is widely known for its chocolates, waffles and beer all over the world. Not only this, French fries were made for the first time in Belgium. As for its size and population, it is a small yet heavily populated country of Western Europe. Belgium is also one of the Low Countries i.e. countries located in coastal areas of Western Europe. Netherlands is another coastal country. Belgium was popularly known as ‘Battlefield of Europe’ because most of the battles between great powers were fought on this land. Now let’s find out more about this small but wonderful European country!

    Capital City: Brussels

    Currency: Euro

    Official Languages: Dutch, German and French

    National Cuisines: ‘mussels with fries’ and ‘steak and fries with salad’

    History

    • When Romans attacked this region, they called the entire part of Western Europe as Gaul. Located in the northernmost part, Belgium was one of the three provinces of Gaul.
    • The Romans named their province of Belgium as Gallia Belgica. Thus, this name became the origin of the word ‘Belgium’.
    • At the time of Roman invasion, the two ethnic groups living in Belgium were Germanic and Celtic tribes.
    • In the Belgian Revolution of 1830, southern provinces were seceded from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Thus, it eventually resulted in the formation of Kingdom of Belgium.
    • On May 1940, the German forces invaded Belgium. This war, lasted for about 18 days, ended in the victory of Germany. That is why it is known as 18 Days’ Campaign.

    Interesting Facts about Belgium

    • In 2007, Belgium was ranked 15th among the largest trading nations of the world.
    • The standard of education in Belgium is ranked 19th among the best countries of the world.
    • Eddy Merckx is a former Belgian cyclist. He is widely known as one of the greatest riders in the history of cycling.
    • The Port of Antwerp (Antwerp, city of Belgium) is ranked among the top twenty largest seaports of the world. It ranks second among European seaports.
    • The number of Jews in Belgium’s Antwerp is among one of the biggest in Europe.
    • Belgium is home to 180 breweries that produce more than 1100 different varieties of beer. The Trappist Beer of Westvleteren Brewery in Belgium is considered to be the best in the world.
    • The largest brewer in the world is Anheuser-Busch InBev, which is located in Leuven, Belgium.

    More Facts

    • About 60 percent of the population speaks Dutch language. They are known as Flemish. The remaining 40 percent are French-speaking people. They are often referred to as Walloons.
    • The three regions into which Belgium is divided are: Flemish Region, Walloon Region and the Brussels-Capital Region.
    • The impact of the Industrial Revolution in 1820s was felt first by Belgium, the first country of Europe to experience it.
    • Belgian Franc was Belgium’s national currency during the time from 1832 to 2002. In 2002, the euro became its currency.
    • Flanders is the most heavily populated region of Belgium.
    • With a population of 450,000, Morrocans are by far the biggest group of immigrants in Belgium.
    • Every year Belgians drink about 84 liters of beer.

     

  • Austria Facts for Kids | Mountainous Terrain

    Austria Facts for Kids | Mountainous Terrain

    The word Austria is derived from the German word Österreich, which means ‘eastern relm’. It was recorded for the first time in the 12th century. Located in central Europe, Austria is a landlocked country. The region is situated within the most extensive mountain range of Europe known as the Alps. That is why territory of Austria is extremely mountainous and just about 32 percent of Austria is below 1,640 feet (500 metres). Vienna is the largest as well as the capital city of Austria. It is one of the world’s richest countries and most of the Austrians have therefore, a high standard of living. Let’s explore more in Austria facts for kids!

    A Quick Guide to Austria Facts for Kids

    Largest city: Vienna

    Official Language: German

    Currency: Euro

    Famous Sport: Alpine Skiing

    Highest point: 3,798 metres (12,461 ft).

    Austria Facts and History

    • Before Romans turn up in Austria, it was occupied by the tribes of Celtic people.
    • Following the decline of the Holy Roman Empire, the region was occupied by Avars, Bavarians and Slavs.
    • Charles the Great was the first ruler to introduce Christianity in Austria when he invaded the country in 788 A.D.
    • In 1804, the Austrian Empire was founded from the Habsburg Monarchy in Central Europe and lasted till 1867. It was really one of the great powers of Europe.
    • In the 19th century, Austria was involved in a war with France (in what is known as the French Revolution) but it was defeated by Napoleon. Thus, it was the end of the Roman Empire in 1806. However, in 1814 Austria along with other allied forces successfully defeated the French and thus put a stop to Napoleonic Wars.
    • Austria along with Prussia had waged a war against Denmark and ultimately gained freedom from it in 1864.
    • Austria left German confederation as a result of Battle of Königgrätz which was fought with Prussia. In this battle, Austria was defeated.
    • After World War II, Austria was divided between countries that were victors in WWII. The countries that divided Austria into different zones were United Kingdom, United States, France and Soviet Union. They ruled Austria collectively by the name of Allied Commission for Austria.

    Fascinating Austria Facts for Kids | Austria Facts and Figures

    • Austria ranks 12th among the richest countries of the world as per GDP per capita.
    • As for revenue from international tourists, Austria stood at the 9th position in 2007 among the countries of the world that receive maximum receipts from the tourism industry.
    • Austria stood at the 12th position in terms of number of tourists from all over the world arriving in the country.
    • In the Human Development Index of 2014, Austria stood at 21st position in the world.
    • Historically, most of the country’s imports and exports were carried out with Germany. But following the membership of European Union, other European countries contribute more than 67 percent to the imports of Austria.
    • Tourism plays a vital part in the country’s economy. It contributes about 9 percent to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Austria.
    • About half of the country’s electricity is generated through water power.
    • About quarter of the population of Austria lives in its capital city, Vienna.
    • About 15 percent of the population is estimated to be born overseas.
    • The biggest single ethnic groups of immigrants that are living in Austria are Kurds and Turks.
    • The males who reach 18 years of age are required to do 6-month military training in Austria compulsorily.
    • The Christians living in Austria have to pay about one percent of their income to the church. This payment is called Kirchenbeitrag, which means ‘Church contribution’.
    • As per the European Commission survey (2012), about 86 percent of the residents are Christians. Out of these, 77 percent people are Roman Catholic.
    • 20 percent of Austrians do not follow any religion.
    • During Holocaust, 65,000 Jews in Austria were assassinated.
    • Niki Lauda is a former champion of Formula One racing car. He is an Austrian and won the race three times in 1975, 1977 and 1984. He is also considered to be the only driver to become champion on both Mclaren and Ferrari.

  • Switzerland Facts For Kids | Wealthiest Country Of Europe

    Switzerland Facts For Kids | Wealthiest Country Of Europe

    It is a landlocked country and has a temperate climate. The economy of Switzerland is one of the most stable economies around the world. Switzerland has had no military conflict with any other country. It has largely adopted a policy of being a ‘neutral’ nation even in two world wars which is why its ground forces are mainly used for peacekeeping tasks. It has also got one of the strongest economies around the world. Now let’s have a brief look at this wonderful European country in Switzerland facts for kids.

    Switzerland Facts For Kids

    Official Name: Swiss Confederation

    Official Date of Formation: August 1, 1291

    Biggest City: Zürich

    Official Languages: Romansh, French, German, Italian

    Population: 7.9 million

    National Airlines: Swiss International Airlines

    History of Switzerland

    1. There are evidences of the oldest humans or species relating to humans that probably lived in Switzerland some 150,000 years before.
    2. The oldest agricultural villages in this country dates back to 5300 BC. They are discovered in Gächlingen.
    3. The oldest ethnic tribes of Switzerland that we know today are people from Hallstatt culture. This culture dates back to 8 century BC to 6 century BC of Iron Age. Another oldest people were from the La Tène culture of 450 BCE to first century BCE of Iron Age.

    States (Cantons) in Switzerland

    1. There are 26 states of Switzerland that are known as Cantons of Switzerland.
    2. The biggest canton of Switzerland is Canton of Graubünden. It is also known as Grisons and is located at the easternmost part of the country.
    3. The newest canton of Switzerland is the Canton of Jura. It was made in 1979.

    Switzerland Geography

    1. Switzerland is divided into 3 major landscapes. These are Swiss Alps, Swiss plateau and Jura mountains.
    2. One of the great European mountain ranges is the Alps. It is about 1,200 kilometers long and covers 8 countries. Almost 60 percent of Switzerland’s area is covered by the Alps.
    3. There are more than 1,500 lakes in Switzerland.
    4. About 6 percent of its area is covered with glaciers and lagoons.
    5. In Switzerland, there are almost 100 mountains that are as high as 4,000 meters or even more.
    6. Monte Rosa is the highest peak in Switzerland. The Italian word ‘Monte Rosa’ means ‘Pink Mountain’. It is also the second-biggest in the Alps mountain range. It is also called Mont Rose which is a French word.
    7. Located on the Pennine Alps is peak named The Matterhorn. It is the most popular mountain of Switzerland. It is 4,478 meters high and is also known as Monte Cervino.
    8. In the north of Switzerland, there are mountainous regions, having vast lagoons and it also contains the largest cities of the country.
    9. Lake Geneva is the largest lake in Switzerland. It is also known as Lake Léman.

    General Facts about Switzerland

    1. Out of 132 countries that are committed to protect environment, Switzerland is the first country in Environmental Performance Index of 2012.
    2. In 2002, Switzerland was the first country that became a member of United Nations by referendum.
    3. There is no navy of Switzerland because it has no coastline.
    4. Zürich is the biggest city of Switzerland.
    5. Some of the dams of Switzerland are the tallest in the whole Europe.
    6. During 2012, the rate of life expectancy in Switzerland was the highest around the world. For males, it was 80.4 years and for females 84.7 years.
    7. It has no officially recognized state religion. However, Christianity is the dominant religion of this country.

    Economy of Switzerland

    1. The biggest business partner of Switzerland is Germany.
    2. It stands at the 15th position as the biggest exporter of the world.
    3. In terms of skilled labor force, Switzerland ranks at the top of the world.
    4. It was the richest nation around the world in 2011.
    5. During 20th century, Switzerland was the richest nation of Europe.
    6. According to nominal GDP, it is the 19th biggest economy of the world.
    7. According to Purchasing Power Parity, Switzerland ranks at 36th position among the biggest nations of the world.
    8. In 2013, Switzerland had a biggest average around the world in terms of average wealth per adult.
    9. As per GDP per capita, Switzerland stands at the 8th position of the world.
    10. According to a report by World Economic Forum, the economy of this country is the world’s most competitive.
    11. According to the Index issued by World Bank called ease of doing business index, Switzerland is at the 28th position of the world.
    12. In Switzerland, only 37 percent of Swiss people hold possession of their houses.
    13. Switzerland stands at the 17th position as the biggest importer of goods around the world.

    Education Facts about Switzerland

    1. Switzerland has 12 universities.
    2. University of Zurich is the largest university of the country. It consists of 25,000 students.
    3. University of Basel is the oldest university of the country. It was established in 1460.
    4. In tertiary education, Switzerland comes next to Australia as the second country that has a highest percentage of foreign students. In 2003, the rate of foreign students was 18 percent.
    5. About 113 Nobel Prize laureates are linked to this country.
    6. European Organization for Nuclear Research is the biggest laboratory for particle physics in the world. It is located in the Swiss city named Geneva. It is also called CERN.
    7. The most popular physicist Albert Einstein made his Special Theory of Relativity in the city of Bern, Switzerland.

    More Switzerland Facts For Kids

    1. The official national holiday of Switzerland is celebrated on August 1. It is known as Swiss National Day. It was started in 1994.
    2. It is a landlocked country.
    3. Switzerland shares 6 percent of the fresh water of Europe.
    4. More than 50 percent of the country’s electricity is generated through hydroelectricity.
    5. The Federal Constitution of Switzerland is one of the oldest constitutions around the world.
    6. There are two houses in the Swiss Parliament. These are the Council of States and the National Council.
    7. There are 1000 museums in Switzerland.
    8. There are 4 official languages in Switzerland. These are German, French, Italian and Romansh languages.
    9. Roger Federer is a Swiss tennis player who made a world record of winning 17 Grand Slam in singles.

    Did you really find these Switzerland facts for kids helpful? Is it what you’re looking for? Please comment and help us improving this article. Thanks for reading it!

  • Poland Facts For Kids | Land of the Fields

    Poland Facts For Kids | Land of the Fields

    Poland is the 9th largest in Europe by area. It shares its borders with Germany in the west; Ukraine to the east; Czech Republic to the south; while the northern side is almost entirely dominated by the Baltic Sea coast.  The country lies at the very heart of Europe. Poland has Sudetic and Carpathian mountain ranges in the southern side. During World War II, most of the polish territory was occupied Nazi Germany, eastern region was under the control of Russia.

    Poland Facts For Kids

    Introduction

    • Name: Republic of Poland
    • Official Language: Polish
    • Capital City: Warsaw
    • Ranking: 9th Largest Country in Europe
    • Nickname: Land of the Fields
    • Currency: Zloty

     History

    1. In 966 Poland adopted a new religion of Christianity as Mieszko I, the first ruler was baptized.
    2. In 1025, Boleslaw I had become the first king of Poland.
    3. The years in between 1569 to 1795 are known as ‘Golden Age of Poland’ because Poland was the largest country in Europe during this time.
    4. Poland was divided into three different countries from 1795 to 1918; Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Poland ceased to exist as a separate country after this.
    5. In 1918, the country regained its independence—the second republic.
    6. Russia and Germany occupied the entire country. The division took place as a result of Ribbentrop-Molotow Pact.
    7. The Warsaw Uprising began on August 1, 1944.
    8. Wielun was the first polish city to come under the attack of German Air Force and it triggered the World War II—five minutes.
    9. The German Carpet bombings claimed around 1,300 lives and destroyed every major building.
    10. Jews started building Ghetto’s walls on August 1940. Nearly all Jewish people were in worst conditions. The Ghetto covered 2.6 sq. km. The Jewish were not allowed to come outside Ghetto otherwise they will be killed.
    11. On May 16, 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising came to an end.
    12. German Forces destroyed almost the entire Warsaw. As it turned out, they killed 120,000 to 200,000 civilians; 15,200 soldiers; 5,000 missings and 15,000 had become prisoners.
    13. Lech Walesa was the first ever Polish President in 1990 after the establishment of Third Polish Republic and democracy.

    Geography & Size

    1. The total area of Poland is 312,679 sq. kilometers (120,726 square. mil).
    2. The country has 70 mountains that stand more than 2,000 meters.
    3. The highest mountain ranges of Poland are Polish Tatras.
    4. Peak of Rysy is the highest point of Poland as it stands 2,499 meters (8,199 feet).
    5. Bledow Desert is the only desert in Poland with the total area of 32 sq. kilometers.
    6. Oder, Warta, and Bug are the longest rivers of Poland.
    7. Morskie Oko is the longest mountain lake of Poland. The lake is as deep as 100 meters (328 ft).
    8. Gdansk, Szczecin, Gdynia, Kolobrzeg, and Swinoujscie are the largest sea harbors in Poland.
    9. Poland is one of the blessed countries in the world for 30.5% of its land is covered with forests.
    10. The Raczki Elblaskie is the lowest point in Poland.

    Climate

    1. Generally Poland has a moderate climate. In the south and east, the weather gets little warmer while in the north and south, it becomes cooler.
    2. Poland has hot summers as the temperature averages in between 18o C to 30o C.
    3. The northeast and the northwest experience a rather cold weather averaging 3o C to -6o C.
    4. Lower Silesia is the hottest part of Poland where temperature hardly drops below 24o C; it goes up to 34o C.
    5. Tarnow has got the longest summer in Poland as it lasts for about 115 days.
    6. Podlaskie Voivodeship is the coolest region of Poland with the temperature of -6o C.

    Fauna and Flora

    1. Poland is home to many animals that have disappeared from the entire Europe. Some of these includes; wisent, beaver, brown bear, moose, and Eurasian Lynx.
    2. Wisent lives in the ancient woodland of Bialowieza forest while beaver is found in Masuria.
    3. Poland has also certain game animals such as roe deer, red deer, and wild boars.
    4. Nearly all European migratory birds often breed in Poland.

    Did You Know…? Poland Facts For Kids

    1. Poland has the third largest number of smokers in the world; 35% of adults are involved in smoking.
    2. The average life expectancy of polish is 75 years.
    3. Blessed Virgin and St. Alexis are one of the oldest churches in Poland.
    4. The country has one of the fastest growing economies in Europe.
    5. Nearly all polish use their hand gestures too much while talking.